3. Do 동사
Do도 기본 동사(primary verbs)로서 Be동사, Have동사와 마찬가지로
조동사(auxiliary verb)와 일반 동사/본동사(full verb/main verb)로 사용된다.
1) 조동사
Do 동사는 현재 시제(do/does)와 과거 시제(did)로 일반 동사의 원형과
결합하여 의문문과 부정문을 만드는데, 그리고 일반 동사의 의미를 대신하거나
강조하는데 사용하는 조동사이다.
(1) 의문문
A: Where do you live?
B: Does she like ice cream?
C: Did you enjoy the party?
의문문을 만드는 조동사로는 do, does, did 등 세 가지이다.
(2) 부정문
A: I don't know.
B: She does not understand.
C: He didn't say anything.
D: Don't be silly.
E: Don't be frightened by that noise
부정문을 만드는 조동사는 do not, does not, did not 등 세가지이고
보통 don't, doesn't, didn't 로 축약하여 사용하기도 한다.
(3) 강조의 조동사
A: Do sit down.
B: Do be quiet.
C: I did enjoy our talk.
D: You do look nice today!
E: She thinks I don't love her, but I do love her.
F: He said I was going to win, and I did win.
(4) 대동사(proverb)
A: I like ice cream and Ann does, too.
B: Take the dog for a walk - I've already done it/ done so.
C: He knows as much as you do.
D: "He didn't have any lunch." "Neither did I."
E: She teaches English, doesn't she?
be 동사 외의 일반 동사의 반복을 피해 do 동사를 대신 사용한다.
2) 일반 동사
본동사 do는 대체로 [(동작, 행동, 일 등)을 하다]의 의미가 된다.
A: Do you do your shopping once a week?
B: He didn't do his homework
C: What are you doing? - I'm making a cake.
cf. What are you making? - A cake
D: What are those boys doing in our garden?
E: What are those clothes doing on the floor?
< be in the wrong place >
F: I do a lot of swimming. = I swim a lot.
G: I was done. = I was cheated.
H: That'll do. = That will be enough.
I: My private life has nothing do do with you.
J: Shall I do your room out? < clean >
K: I did three years in the army. <spent >
L: I'll make / I'll do the bed this morning, if you like.
※ "Do" and "Make" compared
do: good. harm, business, one's best, favor, one's hair. etc.
make: an attempt, an effort, an offer, an excuse, a suggestion,
a decision, a phone call, a fortune, a fire, peace etc.